In Trump v. Cook, the Supreme Court is considering whether to stay a district court order that prevents the President from removing Federal Reserve Board Governor Lisa Cook. Although the case reaches the Court at the preliminary-injunction stage, it raises a significant structural question: how far presidential removal power extends over officials serving in congressionally-designed independent institutions such as the Federal Reserve.Continue Reading Supreme Court Considers the Limits of Presidential Removal Power Over the Federal Reserve
Supreme Court To Determine Whether the President Can Remove Members of Multi-Member Federal Agencies
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On December 8, 2025, the Justices heard oral argument in Trump v. Slaughter (No. 25-332). The Supreme Court plans to decide (1) whether the statutory removal protections for independent, multi-member federal agencies violate the separation of powers (and, if so, whether the Supreme Court should sack its 1935 decision in Humphrey’s Executor v. United States) and (2) whether the judiciary has the power to prevent one’s removal from public office.Continue Reading Supreme Court To Determine Whether the President Can Remove Members of Multi-Member Federal Agencies